At the end of the course the student will have to demonstrate:
- independence of judgement, which will be developed through exam preparation, which requires individual re-elaboration and assimilation of the teaching material presented in the classroom.
- learning ability, which will be stimulated by the deepening of the knowledge acquired during the frontal lessons. Learning skills will be verified in the context of the various assessment methods envisaged.
At the end of the course the student will have to demonstrate knowledge of:
- the causes (microbiological, chemical, physical) that induce the alteration of the structures and functions of our organism (etiology), of the mechanisms through which these causes cause the damage (pathogenesis), of the reactive processes with which the organism responds to insults in order to restore one's integrity and of course to the pathologies that follow from their defects;
- the biology of microorganisms;
- the pathology of inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic situations of the head and neck district;
- the general principles of epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases and the importance of information on health and disease.
In addition, the student must be able, as regards the etiology, to consciously and effectively manage situations of infectious risk during his professional practice. At the end of the course, once the student has acquired the importance of information on health and disease, he must be able to apply the basic concepts of hygiene in the exercise of the profession.
Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student will have to demonstrate that he is able to present the notions acquired.

General pathology: cellular pathology, inflammation, repair of tissues, hemodynamic alterations and shock, neoplasia.
Pathologic anatomy; roles of pathologic anatomy; cellular reactions; methods of recovery of the wounds; inflammation; neoplastic lesions; dystrophic lesions. Special part to the oral compartment.
Microbiology; prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bacteria, fungi, viruses, antibiotics and disinfectants, overview of microorganisms associated with human skin and mucous membranes, lesions of the oral cavity in infectious diseases, possible infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.
Hygiene: epidemiology, descriptive epidemiology , epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases, vaccine and immune serum infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.

Didactic material provided and suggested texts
N. Comodo, G. Maciocco, Igiene e Sanita Pubblica, manuale per le professioni sanitarie, CarocciFaber, Roma, 2003/Barbuti S., Fara G.M., Giammanco G., Carducci A., Coniglio M.A., D'Alessandro D., Montagna M.T., Tanzi M.L., Zotti C.M. Igiene. III ediz., Monduzzi, Bologna, 2011.
Robbins - Kumar – Cotran. Anatomia patologica Casa Editrice: Emsi [Roma]. Volume: Unico/ Roderick A. Cawson-Edward W. Odell. Cawson's Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. Churchill Livingstone – Elsevier.
Matteo A. Russo - Luigi Frati - Giuseppe M. Pontieri. Patologia generale. Piccin Nuova Libraria/Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Patologia generale. Elsevier Masson

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
• Cellular Pathology.
• Inflammation.
• Repair of tissues.
• Hemodynamic alterations and shock. Edema, hyperemia and congestion, hemorrhage, embolism, heart attack, shock.
• Hemostasis and thrombosis.
• Neoplasia.

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
• prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
• Forms bacteria.
• Structure and function of key components ( cell wall ,
• cytoplasmic membrane , cytoplasm , ribosomes ) and optional ( granules
• metachromatic , flagella , fimbriae , extracellular polymeric substances )
• the bacterial cell .
• Structure of the fungal cell .
• The spore and training.
• Division of the bacterial cell and growth curves .
• Bacterial metabolism (respiration , fermentation) .
• Bacterial genetics ( replication of chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA ,
• transformation , transduction , conjugation , plasmids and transposons ) .
• Antibiotics and disinfectants.
• Structure of viruses and their mode of reproduction , and some examples of viruses .
• Overview of microorganisms associated with human skin and mucous membranes .
• oral microbial ecosystem
• Microbiology of dental plaque
• Microbiology of dental caries
• Microbiology of periodontal disease and periodontal
• Lesions of the oral cavity in infectious diseases
• Possible infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.

ANATOMY PATHOLOGICAL
Roles of pathologic anatomy: Cellular reactions; methods of recovery of the wounds; inflammation; neoplastic lesions; dystrophic lesions.
Dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, major infections of the mouth, jaws and perioral tissues. Cysts of the jaws. Odontogenic tumours and tumour-like lesions of the jaws. Non odontogenic tumours of the jaws. Infective and non infective stomatitis. Tongue disorders. Benign chronic white mucosal lesions. Oral premalignancy. Oral cancer. Neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases of salivary glands. Mesenchymal neoplasms of the oral cavity. Melanoma and pigmented lesions of the oral cavity.

GENERAL HYGIENE
Introduction epidemiology .
Definition of epidemiology
Historical and fields of application of epidemiology
Sources and methods of data collection demographic and health
Census cards, birth and death , notification of infectious diseases, hospital sources , records of diseases
Methodology for recording, processing and presentation of data , the age pyramid
Frequency measures of health events
Ratios, proportions , rates
Incidence and Prevalence
Crude rates , specific and standardi

Lectures, providing educational materials and references.

Being an integrated course with several modules, for greater completeness of information, please refer to the Syllabus of each professor.

The course gives rise to a single mark, weighing the contribution of the credits of each single module. The overall assessment is expressed out of thirty with possible honors and the minimum passing threshold corresponds to a score of eighteen/thirtieth. The evaluation grid adopted is the following: - Excellent (30 - 30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of the topics, excellent language skills, excellent analytical skills; the student is able to brilliantly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the topics, remarkable language skills, good analytical skills; the student is able to correctly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Good (24-26): good knowledge of the main topics, good command of the language; the student shows an adequate ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full mastery of the main subjects of the teaching, even if he/she possesses the fundamental knowledge; however, he shows satisfactory language skills and sufficient ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Sufficient (18-20): minimal knowledge of the main teaching topics and technical language, limited ability to adequately apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Insufficient: the student does not have an acceptable knowledge of the contents of the various topics of the programme. The exam modality is written.

This teaching contributes to the realization of the UN objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development